UEA-Prodem
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---
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name: adapter-fastify
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description: >
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Mount tRPC as a Fastify plugin with fastifyTRPCPlugin from
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@trpc/server/adapters/fastify. Configure prefix, trpcOptions (router,
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createContext, onError). Enable WebSocket subscriptions with useWSS and
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@fastify/websocket. Set routerOptions.maxParamLength for batch requests.
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Requires Fastify v5+. FastifyTRPCPluginOptions for type-safe onError.
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CreateFastifyContextOptions provides req, res.
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type: core
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library: trpc
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library_version: '11.16.0'
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requires:
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- server-setup
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sources:
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- www/docs/server/adapters/fastify.md
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- examples/fastify-server/
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---
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# tRPC — Adapter: Fastify
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## Setup
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```ts
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// server.ts
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import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
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import {
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fastifyTRPCPlugin,
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FastifyTRPCPluginOptions,
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} from '@trpc/server/adapters/fastify';
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import type { CreateFastifyContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/fastify';
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import fastify from 'fastify';
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import { z } from 'zod';
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function createContext({ req, res }: CreateFastifyContextOptions) {
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return { req, res };
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}
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type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
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const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
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const appRouter = t.router({
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greet: t.procedure
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.input(z.object({ name: z.string() }))
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.query(({ input }) => ({ greeting: `Hello, ${input.name}!` })),
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});
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export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
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const server = fastify({
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routerOptions: {
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maxParamLength: 5000,
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},
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});
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server.register(fastifyTRPCPlugin, {
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prefix: '/trpc',
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trpcOptions: {
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router: appRouter,
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createContext,
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onError({ path, error }) {
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console.error(`Error in tRPC handler on path '${path}':`, error);
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},
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} satisfies FastifyTRPCPluginOptions<AppRouter>['trpcOptions'],
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});
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(async () => {
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try {
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await server.listen({ port: 3000 });
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console.log('Listening on http://localhost:3000');
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} catch (err) {
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server.log.error(err);
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process.exit(1);
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}
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})();
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```
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## Core Patterns
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### WebSocket subscriptions with @fastify/websocket
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```ts
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import ws from '@fastify/websocket';
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import {
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fastifyTRPCPlugin,
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FastifyTRPCPluginOptions,
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} from '@trpc/server/adapters/fastify';
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import fastify from 'fastify';
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import { createContext } from './context';
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import { appRouter, type AppRouter } from './router';
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const server = fastify({
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routerOptions: { maxParamLength: 5000 },
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});
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// Register @fastify/websocket BEFORE the tRPC plugin
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server.register(ws);
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server.register(fastifyTRPCPlugin, {
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prefix: '/trpc',
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useWSS: true,
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trpcOptions: {
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router: appRouter,
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createContext,
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keepAlive: {
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enabled: true,
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pingMs: 30000,
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pongWaitMs: 5000,
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},
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} satisfies FastifyTRPCPluginOptions<AppRouter>['trpcOptions'],
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});
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server.listen({ port: 3000 });
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```
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Install: `npm install @fastify/websocket` (minimum version 3.11.0)
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### Type-safe onError with satisfies
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```ts
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server.register(fastifyTRPCPlugin, {
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prefix: '/trpc',
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trpcOptions: {
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router: appRouter,
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createContext,
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onError({ path, error, type, input }) {
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console.error(`[${type}] ${path}:`, error.message);
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},
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} satisfies FastifyTRPCPluginOptions<AppRouter>['trpcOptions'],
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});
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```
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Due to Fastify plugin type inference limitations, use `satisfies FastifyTRPCPluginOptions<AppRouter>['trpcOptions']` to get correct types on `onError` and other callbacks.
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### Limiting batch size with maxBatchSize
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```ts
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server.register(fastifyTRPCPlugin, {
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prefix: '/trpc',
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trpcOptions: {
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router: appRouter,
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createContext,
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maxBatchSize: 10,
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} satisfies FastifyTRPCPluginOptions<AppRouter>['trpcOptions'],
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});
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```
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Requests batching more than `maxBatchSize` operations are rejected with a `400 Bad Request` error. Set `maxItems` on your client's `httpBatchLink` to the same value to avoid exceeding the limit.
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## Common Mistakes
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### HIGH Registering @fastify/websocket after tRPC plugin
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Wrong:
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```ts
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server.register(fastifyTRPCPlugin, {
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useWSS: true,
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trpcOptions: { router: appRouter, createContext },
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});
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server.register(ws); // too late!
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```
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Correct:
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```ts
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server.register(ws); // register FIRST
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server.register(fastifyTRPCPlugin, {
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useWSS: true,
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trpcOptions: { router: appRouter, createContext },
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});
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```
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The WebSocket plugin must be registered before the tRPC plugin. Reverse order causes WebSocket routes to not be recognized.
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Source: www/docs/server/adapters/fastify.md
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### HIGH Missing maxParamLength for batch requests
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Wrong:
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```ts
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const server = fastify();
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```
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Correct:
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```ts
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const server = fastify({
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routerOptions: { maxParamLength: 5000 },
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});
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```
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Fastify defaults to `maxParamLength: 100`. Batch requests from `httpBatchLink` encode multiple procedure names in the URL path parameter, which easily exceeds 100 characters and returns a 404.
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Source: www/docs/server/adapters/fastify.md
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### CRITICAL Using Fastify v4 with tRPC v11
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Wrong:
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```json
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{ "dependencies": { "fastify": "^4.0.0" } }
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```
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Correct:
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```json
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{ "dependencies": { "fastify": "^5.0.0" } }
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```
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tRPC v11 requires Fastify v5+. Fastify v4 may return empty responses without errors due to incompatible response handling.
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Source: www/docs/server/adapters/fastify.md
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## See Also
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- **server-setup** -- `initTRPC.create()`, router/procedure definition, context
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- **subscriptions** -- async generator subscriptions, `tracked()`, `keepAlive`
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- **adapter-standalone** -- simpler adapter when Fastify features are not needed
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- Fastify docs: https://fastify.dev/docs/latest/
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